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The German Luftwaffe in July and August 1941 for the first time found a previously unknown Russian fighter, with a long thin nose. It was powered by a clear line or "V" type engine, which was also surprising, as all Soviet fighters at that time were powered by radial engines and lacked the results of the first line of German fighters. The Luftwaffe pilots were taken completely by surprise by the existence of this new game, because his intelligence information the Luftwaffe over the Soviet Air Force was virtually non-existent.
Germany top fighter at the time was the Bf 109F and Luftwaffe pilots were equally surprised and disconcerted, to discover this new Soviet fighter could maneuver out at high altitude, fly faster and fly longer than the Messerschmitt. The MiG-3 had arrived!
Because in the West at that time, the Bf 109F was considered the best, or at least one of the very best, air superiority fighters in the world, the MiG-3 deserves further study. The MiG-era acronym team Mikoyan-Gurevich Experimental Design Bureau building.
The first model was the MiG-1, a high-altitude interceptor powered by a V-12 engine that developed 1350 horsepower Mikulin. Wing was a smart, low, cantilever monoplane armed with a 50 caliber machine gun and two .30 caliber machine guns, three mounted on the nose and sychronized to fire through the propeller arc. The prototype first disarmed reached a maximum speed of 403 km / h to 20,000 feet, which made the best fighter in the world at that time.
The flight test program revealed that there were flaws in the design, so changes have been incorporated and the MiG-3 was born. It was built around a steel tube frame with duralumin skin which strengthened the frame. Apparently still looked like the MiG-1, but the engine had moved four inches to change the center of gravity, the dihedral wing outer wing was increased by one degree while the height of the rear fuselage was reduced for better rear vision for the pilot. For the engine compartment, the supercharger intakes were extended and radiator cowl forward. A fuel tank 55 gallon fuselage has been added to increase the range, more armor for the cockpit and, finally, four sticking points have been added to the wings. This allowed the installation of small bombs or rockets in June.
Unfortunately, the production of the MiG-3 ended abruptly when Stalin ordered the engines Mikulin diverted to the IL-2 bombers to attack. The total production amounted to 3120 with 50 aircraft built from spare parts and by the cannibalization of wrecks. There was a later attempt to mate the MiG-3 with a 14-cylinder radial air cooled, but was unsuccessful.
Many of the production of the MiG-3 had a .30 caliber gun mounted on each wing machine. This has not yet given the firepower parity MiG-3 with the Bf 109F, but give more firepower for ground attacks.
Basic tab in the MiG-3 were as follows: The maximum speed of 314 mph at sea level, 398 35 mph, 590 feet. Its rate of climb was 10 minutes to 26,000 feet and service ceiling was 39,370 feet had a range of 512 miles to 342 miles per hour, a maximum range of 743 miles. Empty weight of 5950 pounds and a takeoff weight of 7739 with guns under the wings and a full fuel load. Its length was 27 m, a wingspan of 33 feet, with a height of only 8 feet.
In a submission to MiG-3 and the Messerschmitt Bf 109F were closely comparable fighters. In fact however, the 109 had the advantage of better initial climb rate and better maneuverability at low to medium speeds and low to medium altitudes, where the majority of dog fighting took place on the eastern front. The MiG-3 had the advantage in the level of speed and in range, often had to break the 109 because its fuel was running dangerously low. The MiG-3 also had the advantage of much better performance over 30,000 feet, but the decade of the Bf 109 flew rarely that high.
The MiG-3 never had the opportunity to play the role that had been designed for: to combat high altitude bombers. The Luftwaffe did not build the four-engine bomber that was intended for use in industrial areas Soviet. The Russians moved their factories to the east that were far enough away from the twin-engine bombers, so the MiG-3 was forced to fight at a low altitude arena for which it was designed.
The Germans had one other crucial advantage, their fighters were equipped with modern gunsights reflector. Most Soviet aircraft had gunsights simple, sometimes a circle drawn on the windshield. It was not until the delivery of P-39 and P-40 fighters that were finally able installing modern gunsights their fighters.
Despite these drawbacks, some Russian pilots able to achieve some impressive figures to kill. Alexander scored Pokryskin 59 official victories, about forty in a MiG-3, the rest in the P-39. It also destroyed 13 other German planes in territory occupied by the enemy, but these were not counted officially, since they were not shot down over Soviet-controlled territory. According to Pravda, Pokryshkin flew 650 missions, has participated in 156 air-air battles and never lost a wingman. Over time it became a Marshall of the Air Force during the Cold War.
In the last years of the war, the Yak-9 became the dominant fighter for the Soviets and probably contributed more than any other combat aircraft from Russia to the final defeat of the Luftwaffe. But the first bright star, shining Soviet fighter element was the MiG-3.
WW2 Aircraft Wreck
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